Humanoid robots start sorting luggage in Tokyo airport test amid labor shortage

As global tourism recovers, airports are facing a surge in luggage processing volumes, while Japan is grappling with an increasingly severe labor shortage. Recently, Tokyo’s Haneda Airport initiated a noteworthy trial: humanoid robots have begun participating in luggage sorting and handling. Developed by Japanese startup Telexistence, these robots, named “Airport Helper,” feature dual arms and a wheeled base, enabling them to mimic human actions and efficiently handle items ranging from suitcases to packages.

How Do the Robots Work?

During the trial, the robots identify luggage tags via cameras and sensors, then use their mechanical arms to precisely grasp and place items. They can also navigate autonomously to designated areas while avoiding obstacles. According to Telexistence, the robots can already handle 80% of routine baggage, with speed approaching that of human workers. In the future, they will also take on tasks such as cabin cleaning, further reducing the burden on human labor.

“We are not here to replace humans, but to fill vacancies and allow existing employees to focus on more complex tasks.” — Yokichi Matsumoto, CEO of Telexistence

An Inevitable Choice Amid Labor Shortages

Japan’s working-age population continues to decline, with 2025 data showing a vacancy rate of 12% in the transportation and logistics industry. As one of Asia’s busiest airports, Haneda handles over 100,000 pieces of luggage daily. Traditionally, these tasks relied heavily on temporary workers, but recruitment has become increasingly difficult post-pandemic. Humanoid robots, adaptable to human-centric environments (e.g., narrow corridors, service elevators), have emerged as an ideal alternative.

Editor’s Note: Humanoid robots are not a new concept, but they were previously mostly used on factory assembly lines. Introducing them into service scenarios, such as airports and hospitals, marks a new stage in the integration of AI and robotics. However, cost and safety remain challenges—each robot costs approximately $100,000 to build, and collisions with passengers must be strictly avoided. If the trial succeeds, Haneda plans to deploy 50 units by 2027 and expand to other airports.

Globally, Singapore’s Changi Airport has experimented with robotic cleaners, and Dallas/Fort Worth Airport in the U.S. has tested robots to guide passengers. But Haneda’s case is more groundbreaking due to its focus on core logistics operations. It demonstrates that humanoid robots can not only “see” and “walk,” but also “carry” and “lift,” becoming reliable labor in structured environments.

Of course, the technology still has limitations. For example, the robots struggle with irregularly shaped luggage (such as skis) and require two hours to recharge. However, Telexistence says that through machine learning, the robots will continuously refine their movements, with accuracy expected to reach 95% by next year.

This article is adapted from Ars Technica.